The
Centro Studi & Archivio “Antonio Ligabue” has central offices in Parma, and
is the reference point for whoever reaches out to Ligabue for critical, cultural, and scientific
issues.
The President
is Augusto Agosta Tota, editor, cultural operator, and organizer of exhibitions and promotional
initiatives. He is from Guastalla and has been active in Parma since 1970, being renowned including
outside Italy as the artist’s most qualified ambassador. He knew the painter, supported
him while still alive, and presented his works in a series of international exhibitions, starting
in 1977 with the exhibition in Hamburg “Italienische naïve Maler”.
Then in Toronto, Canada, when the RAI TV serial on Ligabue made by the director
Salvatore Nocita with Flavio Bucci that grandly interpreted the painter from Gualtieri, was
distributed worldwide. Produced from an idea by Cesare Zavattini, the TV serial won the Gran
Premio delle Americhe at the Montreal Festival in Montreal in September 1978
and was sold to over one hundred countries.
The largest anthology exhibition ever seen up to that time in Milan, Italy,
was dedicated to Ligabue by Augusto Agosta Tota with an exhibition from November 1980
to January 1981 in the Palazzo dell’Arengario, Salone delle Cariatidi, in Piazza Duomo
(The Dome Square). The exhibit was held again in the same year from January to March at the
Grand Hotel del Mare in Bordighera, waiting to be transferred to the Civic
Museum “Villa Ciani” in Lugano, from the 9th of May to the 28th
of June. The next year the movie created from the TV serial by Nocita was presented in Paris,
and on that occasion in March and April, Augusto Agosta Tota organized an anthological exhibition
of the artist at the Italian Institute of Culture and at the Galerie C. Ratié, a part
of which will shortly be hosted by the European Parliament in Strasburg. Le Figaro entitled
his nine column article, in 1982, on occasion of the personal exhibition presented in Paris, “Ligabue
ou la différence” Ligabue or the difference, meaning the diversity that
made him special even when compared to a French artist like Van Gogh, with whom he
is often associated. A delightful selection was presented in September 1982 in the “Renato
Brozzi” Museum in Traversetolo (PR).
All the exhibits have been accompanied by a thorough and elegant illustrated catalogue produced
by Franko Benedetti, (Perugia 1935 – Parma 1993), making publications by Agosta Tota
well known, and until his death, the later publications by the Centro Studi, which is still
partially inspired to this tradition.
The Centro Studi & Archivio “Antonio
Ligabue” was founded in 1983. In addition to the President, it was set up by Franko Benedetti,
art director, Marzio Dall’Acqua, art historian, Afro Daolio, painter, art critics Raffaele
De Grada and Mario De Micheli, Davide Lajolo, writer and art critic, Italo Mussa, art critic,
Luigi Serravalli, writer and art critic, Franco Solmi, art critic, Giancarlo Vigorelli, writer
and art critic, and lastly, Cesare Zavattini, writer.
Written by Davide Lajolo (Vinchio, Asti, 1912 – Roma, 1984), with illustrations extracted
from drawings by Marino Renato Mazzacurati (San Venanzio di Galliera, 1907 – Parma, 1969),
Agosta Tota published a splendid and exciting monograph of the artists of our times, entitled “Gli
uomini dell’arcobaleno”, Parma 1984.
Today the Centro Studi scientific committee is composed of: Luigi Cavallo, art critic, Gianni
Cavazzini, art critic, Marzio Dall’Acqua, art historian, Afro Daolio, painter, Raffaele
De Grada, art critic, Giannino Magli, antique dealer, Gustavo Marchesi, writer and musical
critic, Renzo Margonari, art critic and painter, Franco Maria Ricci, editor and Vittorio Sgarbi,
art critic.
The creation of the Centro
Studi & Archivio “Antonio Ligabue” meant the personality and works of this
artist linked to the painting of its times could be better and critically defined, in fauve paintings,
the Nineteenth Century, the Expressionists, through a series of reconstructions on information
and documents produced mainly by Marzio Dall’Acqua, who is considered to be the artist’s
main historian.
So the exhibition in Cencenighe Agordino (BL) during June – September
1984 investigated his mother’s family, while that in the Biblioteca Comunale in Mirandola (MO)
in the same year from October to January continued the artist’s production cataloguing
began in Orzinuovi (BS) in 1983, where over forty unpublished paintings were
presented. In the Castello Monumentale in Lerici (SP) in 1985 to celebrate
the twentieth anniversary of his death, Ligabue was compared to the artists he lived with and
shared experiences and knowledge such as Marino Mazzacurati, painter and sculptor, Arnaldo
Bartoli (Reggio Emilia, 1900 – Guastalla 1993), the painter and sculptor Andrea Mozzali
(Guastalla, 1985 – Poviglio, 1977), who were always close to him and helped him in various
ways, the “antagonists” Pietro Ghizzardi and Bruno Rovesti (Gualtieri 1907 – 1987),
and finally the writers, musicians, and artists connected to the Pia Cantina di San Francesco
of Guastalla, in which Ligabue was involved. Edith Schloss also wrote about expressionism,
reviewing the exhibition at the end of August 1985, on the International Herald Tribune.
In the same year we recall the exhibitions in Montecatini Terme (PT) at the
Art Academy “Dino Scalabrino” and in the City Council Hall of Cavriago (RE).
Since then the Centro Studi activity has intensified and received prestigious recognition:
the High Patronage of the President of the Republic, the patronage of Ministers (Cultural Assets,
Foreign Affairs, Public Education) and of Regions.
More and more often Ligabue is compared with the artists of his times: the exhibition of Oderzo (TV)
in Palazzo Foscolo, 1989, the one in Viterbo’s Palazzo dei Papi, 1990,
that of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates in 1995, up to the large anthological
travelling exhibition of Gualtieri (RE), 1996 which returned to Cencenighe
Agordino, Modena, and Naples in the Galleria Mediterranea
della Mostra d’Oltremare. The exhibition of Gualtieri held again at Palazzo Bentivoglio
was superb, entitled “Riscontri nell’arte: ritratti e autoritratti d’artista”,
in which the painter’s self-portraits are compared with and accepted as one of the greatest
Italian masters of the Twentieth Century, definitively enfranchising its works.
In 1997, the Centro Studi supported the publication of the novel “The roar of the
lion” by Karin Kavelin Jones dedicated to Ligabue and published by Capra Press,
Santa Barbara (California).
The centenary of Ligabue’s
birth in 1999 was honoured by celebrations in the most suitable location at the Kunsthaus in Zurich,
with the presentation by Marzio Dall’Acqua and Franz Billeter, who wrote: “The
exceptionality of Ligabue in the Italian figurative panorama, his visionary abilities, the
chromatic knowledge, the graphic and plastic energy of this artist, are the evidence of a great
talent, which need not be searched for in the artist’s eccentricity; but on the contrary,
he was able to explode despite the psychological difficulties, the imbalances and the thousands
of obstacles in a life of ostracism.”
Again for the centenary
of his birth, the Centro Studi organized the exhibition at the Ministry for Cultural Assets
and Activities in Rome at the old juvenile prison of the Complesso Monumentale
di San Michele a Ripa, opened by the Minister the Rt Hon. Giovanna Melandri. The building itself
was then presented for the first time since its renovation. The exhibition had the High Patronage
of the President of the Republic, the patronages of the President of the Council of Ministers
and of the Ministry of Cultural Assets, Foreign Affairs, and that of Public Education. The
exhibition, organised with Luigi Cavallo, Marzio Dall’Acqua, and Vittorio Sgarbi, opened
on the 17th September 1999 and closed on the 9th January 2000, was an anthology exhibition
of the artist, but a section resumed the comparison of Ligabues self-portraits with those of
the major Italian artists of the last century.
In co-operation with the
Centro Studi, in 2001 Franco Maria Ricci published “Toni” a magnificent
and sumptuous monograph, that completed and concluded a journey began in 1967 with the mythical
publication that was the first from his publishing house, and that included the celebrated
poem by Cesare Zavattini, the critical appraisal by Mario De Micheli and the witness by Marino
Mazzacurati.
“Toni” was used as the catalogue for the exhibition in Mantua in
2001 at the Casa del Mantegna, and Arezzo in 2002 at the Galleria d’Arte
Contemporanea. In the exhibition in the Castello di San Giorgio of Orzinuovi (BS)
in 2003, the works by Ligabue were flanked by those of Mazzacurati and Cesare Zavattini, who
was also a painter.
Finally, as editor and organizer,
in 2004 Augusto Agosta Tota in co-operation with Marzio Dall’Acqua, published the catalogue “Catalogo
Ragionato dei Dipinti” of Ligabue in two books composed of 868 reports and all copies
of his paintings, generally full page. The reading of the work is accompanied by the philological
study of the passages of property and the relative bibliography.
This publication was the fulfilment of thirty years of research work. With the publication
of the basic essays in English too, Ligabue is now available to the entire international art
world.
It is an ideal way to connect
with collectors who network between themselves, those that in time invested and believed in
the artist. This was done especially for new exhibition projects to widen Ligabue’s appeal
to the world. It is a way of supplying scholars with a guarantee in order to analyze its linguistic
and creative aspects. Not only a tool of work, but also one of research and discovery, this
general edition of the works of Antonio Ligabue is an excellent point to investigate and get
to know his work and style.
Augusto Agosta Tota organised
many cultural initiatives, not only on the master of Gualtieri, but also for other artists
such as Giorgio De Chirico (La Versiliana, Marina di Pietrasanta; 1988; Casa
del Manzoni, Milano, 1989) and the anthological exhibitions of Salvatore Fiume in
Russia (Moscow and Leningrad, 1991, and Gualtieri, Palazzo Bentivoglio, 1988, only one year
after the death of the painter), the anthological exhibition of Nerone, again
in the Bentivoglio of Gualtieri in 2004.
Of course, the activity
of the Centro Studi is documented by the catalogues that marked a basic stage of its research
each time. |

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| Autoritratto
con mosca, olio su tela, cm 70x50 |
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| Autoritratto con
cane, olio su faesite, cm 168x130 |
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| Tigre con serpente,
olio su faesite, cm 66x80 |
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| Leopardo, olio su
faesite, cm 130x201 |
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| Aquila, puntasecca,
cm 19x24,6 l'incisione, su carta di cm 40,7x69,6 |
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| Leopardo puntasecca,
cm 22,4x28,1 l'incisione, su carta di cm 50x70 |
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Autoritratto, bronzo,
cm 37,2x24,2x22,4 - portato al vero in 99 esemplari numerati |
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| Cavallo in amore,
bronzo, cm 29,5x40x15 - tiratura 75 esemplari numerati |
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| Pantera, bronzo,
cm 16x35x29 - tiratura 1500 esemplari numerati |
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1899
- 18 December
Antonio Ligabue is born in Zurich to Elisabetta Costa, originally from Cencenighe Agordino
(Belluno). He is recorded in the Registry of Births as Antonio Costa.
1901 - 18 January
Bonfiglio Laccabue marries Elisabetta Costa at Amrisweil and on 10 March legitimises little
Antonio, giving him his surname, which the painter will change to Ligabue as an adult.
1900 - September
Antonio is given in custody
to a Swiss-german couple, Elise Hanselmann and J. V. Gobel. His mother tongue will be German.
The adoption will not be legitimised, but the child will have a very close relationship with
his step-mother, a love-hate relationship.
1910
The Gobel family is in Tablat, in the district of S. Gallo.
1910-12
Ligabue attends primary school at S. Gallo, where he completes only the third year.
1913 - 17 May
He is admitted to the Marbach Institute, a college for handicapped children. He at once distinguishes
himself for his skill at drawing and for his bad behaviour.
1915 - May
He is expelled from Marbach.
He has completed his fourth year at elementary school.
1915-17
He moves with his adoptive family to Staad, where he works as a peasant.
He works irregularly and leads the life of a wanderer.
1917 - 18 January - 4 April
He is admitted to the psychiatric clinic in Pfafers. His admission is the result of a violent
crisis versus his adoptive mother.
1917 - April
He joins the Gobel family
who have moved to Romanshorn. He stays with them only a short while and takes up his wandering
life again. In his numerous travels he undoubtedly comes into contact with the wandering painters
for form the ‘naïfs’ in Appenzell.
1918 - 11 June
He goes to the medical visit for his call-up to arms and is rejected.
1919 - 15 May
Ligabue is expelled from Switzerland, following his step-mother’s denunciation. The woman,
who finds the young man indifferent and unfriendly towards her, goes to the Municipality at
Romanshorn to complain about his conduct, without realising the consequences her act would
have.
1919 - 2 June
He is taken from Chiasso to
the police headquarters in Como. The prefect in this city starts the proceedings to send Liguabue
to Gualtieri, birth place of his father.
1919 - 9 August
He is escorted by ‘Carabinieri’ (policemen)
to Reggio Emilia.
September
Liguabue runs away from Gualtieri and tries to expatriate. He is stopped in Lodi and handed
over to the Chief Police Officer in Milan.
1919 - 8 October
He is accompanied back to
Gualtieri. Here he lives on municipal welfare, on what his Swiss step-mother sends him and
on the charity of his fellow-countrymen. He starts working as a “daily labourer”.
Since he only knows the German language, he has relationships with former emigrants to German-speaking
countries. He busies himself with drawing. He works at the Po river embankments until 1929.
1927-1928
He works with increasing irregularity, lives the life of a wild man in the woods and in the
high-water beds of the Po river. He starts painting and sculpting with clay with increasing
regularity. He is approached by the sculptor Marino Mazzacurati that year.
1932
He given hospitality by the flute-player Licinio Ferretti. Ligabue’s main interest is
by now painting. He lives the life of a wanderer, alternating stays at the houses of friends
with periods spent in the huts along the Po river.
1937 - 14 July
He is interned in the lunatic asylum of S. Lazzaro, Reggio Emilia. The general practitioner
in Gualtieri gives as a reason for the admission the painter’s irascible and violent
personality and his bouts of self-inflicted wounding. The admittance diagnosis is “state
of depression”.
1937 - 3 December
He is dismissed and sent back
to Gualtieri.
1940 - 23 March
Second admission to the psychiatric hospital in Reggio Emilia for “manic-depressive psychosis”.
1941 - 16 May
The sculptor Andrea Mozzali assumes responsibility for Ligabue’s dismissal from the psychiatric
hospital and providing hospitality for him in his home in Guastalla. That year, the painter’s
work aroused the interest of Luigi Bartolini. During the war, Ligabue acts as interpreter for
German troops.
1945 - 13 February
Third admission to the psychiatric hospital in Reggio Emilia. The admission is caused by the
fact that Ligabue hit a German soldier with a bottle. The admission undoubtedly prevents him
from being sentenced to serious punishment.
1948 - 6 December
He is dismissed form the hospital. He finds refuge in the Poor House in Gualtieri. He continues
to paint and his fame slowly spreads. He is often absent from the Poor House: his friends provide
hospitality. The art critics and gallery owners start taking a keen interest in his work.
1961 - February
Exhibition of Ligabue’s
work in Rome.
1961 - 1 April
Toni abandons the Carri Poor
House in Gualtieri.
1961 - 8 June
He has a motor-cycle accident
and is admitted to hospital for one month.
1962 - November
An anthological exhibition
with numerous works is organised in Guastalla.
1962 - 18 November
He suffers a stroke. After
being admitted to various hospitals, he is sent to the Carri Poor House in Gualtieri while
still ill.
1963 - 18 June
He asks to be baptised.
1963 - 24 July
He receives confirmation.
By now, he is immobile and bed-ridden, while the fame of his paintings reaches national proportions.
1965 - 27 May
He dies in the Carri Poor House in Gualtieri. |